A Study to Assess CVD Risk among patients attending selected Medical OPD in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a significant public health challenge. The rising prevalence of lifestyle-related risk factors has contributed to the increasing burden of CVD, particularly among middle-aged and older adults. Early identification of individuals at risk is essential for implementing timely preventive interventions. This study aimed to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease among patients attending the medical outpatient department (OPD), describe their sociodemographic characteristics, and examine the association between CVD risk and selected sociodemographic variables. A descriptive study was conducted among 320 patients attending the medical OPD of Believers Church Medical College Hospital, Thiruvalla. Data were collected using the QRISK3 assessment tool and a structured sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The findings showed that 52.81% of participants were aged 45–64 years. Most participants belonged to the Christian religion (49.68%), lived in nuclear families (56.3%), had higher secondary education (32.5%), were unemployed (44.68%), reported no family history of cardiac disease (68.1%), and resided in rural areas (68.12%). Based on QRISK3 assessment, 66.06% of participants were categorized as low risk, 21.26% as moderate risk, and 15.68% as high risk for developing CVD. A statistically significant association was observed between CVD risk and age, education, occupation, family history of cardiac disease, and locality. No significant association was found between CVD risk and religion or family type. The study highlights the importance of routine CVD risk assessment in outpatient settings to identify individuals at increased risk and facilitate early intervention. Targeted screening, health education, and preventive strategies, supported by healthcare professionals, particularly nurses, can contribute to reducing the burden of cardiovascular diseases and improving cardiovascular health outcomes.