Enhancing Frequency Stability in Renewable Energy Microgrids Using Electric Vehicles with V2G Technology

Abstract

Grid-connected electric vehicles (EVs) function as distributed loads or energy storage units. The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into microgrids can provide various services, including ancillary services, active power control, reactive power compensation, and most importantly, frequency regulation. Electric vehicles equipped with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology provide frequency regulation services to compensate for the intermittent production of renewable energy and achieve load balancing. Electric vehicles operating with microgrids play a vital role in integrating renewable energy sources (RES), such as wind and solar farms. The intermittent power generation from these renewable sources can lead to significant frequency fluctuations in microgrids. The microgrid can benefit from ancillary services such as frequency regulation due to the increasing number of electric vehicles in future networks and the improved management of their charging and discharging. Simulation results indicate that the proposed frequency support strategy based on electric vehicles significantly improves the dynamic performance of the microgrid. These results confirm the effectiveness of integrating electric vehicles through the V2G concept to enhance frequency stability in isolated microgrids that rely on renewable energy.