Esiur: A Resource-Centric Distributed Runtime Framework for Real-Time State Synchronization

Abstract

Modern distributed applications operate across heterogeneous cloud, edge, and cyber-physical environments where maintaining object identity, synchronizing state, and enabling real-time interaction remain challenging. Existing communication frameworks are mainly message-centric and treat application state as serialized payloads, which increases overhead when objects are continuously observed, incrementally updated, or shared across multiple nodes. This paper presents Esiur, a resource-centric distributed runtime that provides reference-based interaction through network-transparent resources exposing properties, events, and functions. Esiur preserves object identity across nodes and performs incremental state synchronization without application-level coordination. It defines a unified binary protocol based on the Type Representation Unit (TRU) and Transfer Data Unit (TDU), enabling runtime type definition (TypeDef) discovery and efficient transmission of strongly typed and heterogeneous data without external schemas. The framework is evaluated through serialization benchmarks, protocol-overhead measurements, ordered-notification analysis, annotation-guided invocation, subscriber and attachment scalability tests, and cross-language reattachment recovery between C# and TypeScript implementations. Results show a 36.4%–68.7% reduction in serialization size relative to JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), statistically bounded notification latency, successful runtime TypeDef-based invocation, final-state convergence after transient wide-area network (WAN) disconnection, and stable behavior under concurrent subscriber and attachment loads.