Analysis and Management of Potential Drug Interactions in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus and Comorbidities at Hospital X

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease that is frequently accompanied by comorbidities, requiring the use of multiple medications (polypharmacy). This increases the risk of potential drug interactions that may reduce therapeutic effectiveness and increase the incidence of adverse drug reactions. This study aimed to analyze potential drug interactions in patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbidities based on severity, interaction mechanisms, and recommended drug interaction management strategies. This descriptive observational study employed a retrospective approach using secondary data obtained from the medical records of patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbidities at Hospital X during the January–December 2025 period. A total of 93 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Potential drug interactions were analyzed using the Drugs.com Drug Interaction Checker. The results identified 154 potential drug interactions. Based on severity, moderate interactions were the most common, accounting for 123 cases (80%), followed by minor interactions with 28 cases (18%) and major interactions with 3 cases (2%). Based on interaction mechanisms, pharmacodynamic interactions were more frequent, with 103 cases (67%), than pharmacokinetic interactions, with 51 cases (33%). Recommended drug interaction management strategies included therapeutic monitoring, dose adjustment, modification of drug administration time, and drug substitution when necessary. These findings highlight the importance of identifying and managing potential drug interactions to improve medication safety and therapeutic effectiveness in patients with diabetes mellitus and comorbidities.