Prevalence, risk factors, and postural-ergonomic exercise intervention for musculoskeletal pain among school-going children

Abstract

Background: Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among school-going children is a significant concern globally, with varying prevalence rates and associated factors.  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among school-going children, evaluate associated risk factors, and propose a school-based postural and ergonomic exercise education programme to address the identified risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 303 students aged 12–15 years from schools around Chidambaram. Data were collected using the modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire (M-NMQ), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and youth physical activity questionnaire (Y-PAQ), along with demographic details and environmental factors. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant associations. Results: This study revealed a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain (90.09%) among participants, with significant correlations (p < 0.001). This study also suggests that increased backpack weight, screen time, and physical activity are associated with a higher risk of MSP. Conclusion: This study emphasises the need for education on proper backpack use, responsible screen time, and physical activity to mitigate the risk of pain among school-going children. A structured postural and ergonomic exercise education programme, incorporating backpack ergonomics, screen-time breaks, and corrective exercises, low-cost strategy to reduce this burden.