The Role of Parents as Determinants of Adolescent Reproductive Health Education: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Adolescents represent a vulnerable group susceptible to reproductive health risks, while the effectiveness of reproductive health education remains limited. Parents play a crucial role in shaping adolescents' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding reproductive health; however, their involvement is frequently impeded by cultural factors, social norms, and capacity constraints. This systematic review examines the role of parents as determinants of adolescent reproductive health education across diverse social and cultural contexts. Methods: This systematic review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis databases for articles published between 2020 and 2025. Study selection employed the PICOS framework and was performed independently by two reviewers, yielding 17 articles that were narratively synthesized. Results: Findings indicate that parents act as multidimensional determinants in adolescent reproductive health education through information dissemination, value formation, and behavior monitoring. Open and supportive communication is associated with improved knowledge and safer decision-making, whereas cultural norms, taboos, and literacy limitations represent primary barriers. Conclusion: Parental involvement through culturally sensitive and sustainable family-based interventions is essential for enhancing adolescent reproductive health. These findings highlight the need for healthcare professionals and policymakers to strengthen family-centered health education and develop culturally appropriate interventions that actively engage parents in supporting adolescents’ reproductive health.