1D-CNN-Based Fault Diagnosis for Traction Motors Using Vibration and Current Signals

Abstract

Accurate defect detection of traction motors is essential for preserving the performance and safety of electric cars and industrial gear. This research presents a onedimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) architecture for the automated identification of faults using vibration and current information obtained from a 150 kW traction motor operating under varying load and speed circumstances. The proposed technique concurrently analyses time-series vibration and current data, allowing the model to detect both mechanical and electrical irregularities. The dataset includes several defect kinds and healthy operating settings, offering a realistic basis for training and assessment. Experimental findings indicate that the 1D-CNN model attains a classification accuracy of 98.7% with just vibration signals, 97.5% with only current inputs, and 99.4% when both modalities are integrated. The precision, recall and F1-score of the integrated signal model are above 99 percent in all types of faults, which shows good performance even in varying operations. The findings underscore the efficacy of multi-signal 1D-CNN architectures for the prompt and precise detection of traction motor faults, reducing dependence on human feature extraction and facilitating predictive maintenance tactics. The proposed method provides a scalable and generalizable solution for practical traction systems, enhancing operating dependability and decreasing maintenance expenses.