Mental Health and Wellbeing of International Medical Students: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Introduction: This systematic review examines the mental health of international medical students amid global educational shifts. Objectives: To assess prevalence rates, identify key stressors, and evaluate protective factors and interventions. Methods: Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, studies from 2000 onward were included, focusing on quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research. Data from 31 studies involving 10,441 students across diverse regions were analyzed through thematic and statistical synthesis. Results: High prevalence of anxiety (30–50%), depression (20–40%), and burnout (up to 60%) was observed, with stressors including academic demands, cultural/language barriers, environmental challenges, and pandemic effects. Protective factors such as social support and resilience, alongside interventions like counseling and cultural adaptation programs, showed effectiveness. Conclusion: International students face substantial mental health risks, but resilience and support systems can mitigate these. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies and culturally tailored interventions to enhance well-being.