A bibliometric review of farmer livelihood resilience in Indonesia: A two-decade study

Abstract

Farmer livelihood resilience is crucial given the sector's contribution to the national economic resilience, particularly in Indonesia. Despite its importance, a comprehensive synthesis of how this field has evolved over the past two decades remains limited. The objectives of this study are to provide an overview of the circumstances and challenges related to farmer resilience by examining research on farmer livelihood resilience in Indonesia.  Employing a hybrid methodology that combines bibliometric analysis with a systematic literature review (SLR) guided by PRISMA protocols, this research analyzed 184 articles, 94 conference papers, and 2 review papers indexed in the Scopus database from 2005 to 2025. VOSviewer software was utilized to visualize co-occurrence networks and publication patterns. The results demonstrate a substantial increase in academic interest over the last decade, with a significant peak in publications after 2015. The analysis identified five dominant thematic clusters: (1) Smallholder Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation in Indonesia; (2) Sustainable Agriculture and Land Conversion Policy; (3) Social Capital and Collective Action for Sustainable Agriculture; (4) Livelihood Strategies of Oil Palm and Agroforestry Farmers; (5) Sustainability of Palm Oil Smallholders. This study fills a critical research gap by bridging quantitative mapping with qualitative insights, offering a strategic roadmap for future scholarly inquiry. The findings emphasize that strengthening farmer resilience in Indonesia requires integrated policy frameworks that prioritize institutional support and optimized social capital. Ultimately, these results provide vital evidence for policymakers to design more inclusive and sustainable agricultural development strategies.