Effect of Bio-Zinc Nanoparticles synthesized from Lawsonia inermis as Antibacterial, Antibiofilm on Multi Resistance Staphylococcus aureus
Abstract
Background: Plant extract -mediated green synthesis has gained important attention due to its friendly of environmental nature and cost is low. Also, it may be used as an alternative method treatment of antibiotics resistance in bacteria. Objective: The current study aimed to biosynthesize zinc nanoparticles from an aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis and determine their effectiveness on bacteria and biofilms. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in the Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq, from May 2025 to December 2025. A sterile swabs used to collect samples from wounds of diabetic foot ulcers of Fifty patients swabs cultured on Mannitol salt agar and Gram-staining, and a series of biochemical tests and VITEK-2 technique A susceptibility test was conducted for seven antibiotics while Biofilm formation detect by Congo red and Microtiter plate Methods, the bio-synthesis of Zinc nanoparticles characterized by devices include UV-Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy. The inhibition effect of concentrations (25.0%, 50.0%, 75.0%, and 100.0%) of nanoparticles against the bacterial isolates was detected also detect effect ant-biofilm of these nanoparticles through SubMIC concentrations (25.0%, 50.0%, 75.0%. Results: Staphylococcus aureus isolates appeared resistance to most seven antibiotics except one isolate was sensitive to Meropenem and Levofloxacin, Zinc nanoparticles green synthesized using Hena aqueous extract showed high absorbance at 372 nm, with a spherical shape and sizes ranging from (19.17 -45.33) nm, FTIR analysis indicated a range of at (677.95 to 3416.85) cm⁻¹, The antibacterial activity was appeared zone inhibition to Staphylococcus aureus between (15-17) mm also results showed bacterial colony black color on Congo red agar and value numbers (0.445-0.621) by Microtiter method before treat with Zinc nanoparticles while after treat bacteria with Zinc nanoparticles lack black colony and value numbers decrees. Conclusion: Biosynthesized zinc nanoparticles showed activity as antibacterial effect synthesis from aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis. Therefore, it may suggest their potential as a novel therapeutic approach as an antibacterial agent. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, June 2026;13(1):331-340