Genetic algorithm for agricultural logistics optimization: solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem in rural distribution

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of agricultural modernization and the increasing demand for agricultural products, inefficient logistics distribution has become a major bottleneck in rural supply chains. This study addresses the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) in agricultural logistics. A genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization model was proposed to enhance distribution efficiency. The model integrates critical agricultural characteristics, including multidistribution center networks, seasonal delivery schedules, and regional road infrastructure constraints, to minimize both transportation distance and operational costs. Experimental results show that the GA outperforms traditional metaheuristic methods (e.g., particle swarm optimization and simulated annealing), achieving a >5 km reduction in total delivery distance, an 11% decrease in delivery time, and a 5% reduction in path distance compared to conventional planning approaches. Notably, the hybrid GA-CVRP framework converges faster and achieves higher cost efficiency, with empirical tests validating its ability to optimize route planning under complex rural conditions. This research provides a robust, data-driven solution for agricultural enterprises to enhance supply chain resilience, reduce carbon footprints, and support sustainable rural development. By bridging AI-driven optimization and agricultural logistics practices, the study offers practical insights for deploying intelligent routing systems in global rural contexts.