CLASSIFICATION OF CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODELS BY IMPACT ON LOGISTICS ACTIVITIES: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS AND TYPOLOGY OF TRANSFORMATIONS

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to develop a structured classification of circular business models according to the nature of their impact on logistics activities and to substantiate a typology of transformational processes in logistics systems for developing practical recommendations for implementing sustainable development principles. Methodology. The research is based on a systematic analysis of academic literature, international reports, and case studies of leading global companies. Aninnovative three-tier classification framework is developed to categorize circular business models according to their impact characteristics on logistics activities, including logistics-oriented models (Reuse Model, Reverse Logistics, Logistics-as-a-Service), logistics-transformative models (Servitization, Repair & Refurbishment, Recycling), and network-based models with a logistics component (Industrial Symbiosis, Resource Sharing Platforms). The study identifies specific characteristics of logistics operations transformation within each model group and systematically evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of their implementation considering complexity and value creation potential. Results. The findings reveal that reverse logistics and digital technologies play a key role in forming circular supply chains by enhancing resource efficiency and enabling closed-loop systems. The comprehensive comparative analysis demonstrates significant differences between model groups in terms of implementation complexity, investment requirements, and value creation potential. Logistics-oriented models show the lowest barriers to entry and fastest ROI but limited transformational potential. Logistics-transformative models offer the highest value creation potential through innovative value propositions but require substantial investments and organizational changes. Network-based models provide exponential value creation through network effects but present the highest coordination complexity. Scientific novelty. The research develops a comprehensive three-tier classification framework of circular business models according to theirinfluence on logistics processes, highlighting the evolutionary progression from operational efficiency to systemic transformation. The study introduces a structured typological approach to understanding how circular economy principles reshape supply chain management and logistics strategies through three distinct transformation pathways.