The Relationship of Health Belief Model Components with Hepatitis B Vaccination Compliance among Nurses at RSUD H.M. Ryacudu Kotabumi

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B remains a global health problem that can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Nurses face elevated occupational exposure through contact with patients’ blood and body fluids, making vaccination compliance essential, yet completion rates among health workers remain suboptimal. This study aimed to determine the relationship between Health Belief Model (HBM) components and Hepatitis B vaccination compliance among nurses at RSUD H.M. Ryacudu Kotabumi, North Lampung, in 2026. Methods: This analytic quantitative study used a cross-sectional design. A sample of 105 nurses was selected through proportionate stratified random sampling from a population of 173 nurses. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from validated HBM instruments and analyzed univariately, bivariately using the Chi-square/Fisher Exact test, and multivariately using multiple logistic regression. Results: Among the 105 respondents, 71 (67.6%) were compliant with Hepatitis B vaccination. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between compliance and perceived susceptibility (p=0.003), perceived severity (p<0.001), perceived benefits (p<0.001), perceived barriers (p<0.001), cues to action (p<0.001), and self-efficacy (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified perceived benefits as the most dominant factor (p=0.003; OR=13.63; 95% CI 2.39–77.71), followed by self-efficacy (p=0.007; OR=12.44) and perceived barriers (p=0.004; OR=0.09). Conclusion: HBM components are associated with Hepatitis B vaccination compliance among nurses, with perceived benefits as the most dominant determinant. Hospitals should prioritize strengthening nurses’ understanding of vaccination benefits through targeted health education, workplace policy support, and continuous promotion to improve occupational vaccination coverage.