Women’s Exclusion from Decision-Making: Causes, Impacts, and Pathways to Equality in African Countries

Abstract

  This study examines the influence of gender discrimination on decision-making in the mining, aviation, automotive, and military sectors across five African countries. It investigates the historical, cultural, and structural factors underpinning women’s persistent underrepresentation and evaluates the organisational and career-level impacts of this exclusion. A qualitative research design was employed, incorporating content and thematic analysis of historical and cultural documents to capture the multifaceted nature of gender discrimination and its sector-specific implications. Findings indicate that patriarchal norms, entrenched gender stereotypes, and systemic discriminatory practices remain significant barriers to women’s participation in decision-making roles. These factors limit career advancement, reinforce leadership gaps, and undermine equitable organisational practices. The study highlights the necessity of targeted, context-sensitive interventions to dismantle these barriers and promote women’s inclusion in leadership. The research contributes to the theoretical understanding of the cultural–structural interplay that sustains gender inequality in male-dominated African industries. It provides an evidence-based foundation for developing strategies aimed at increasing women’s representation in decision-making roles. Practically, the study underscores the importance of implementing inclusive policies, addressing systemic biases, and creating supportive workplace environments to enhance organisational performance and expand women’s career opportunities. By offering a cross-sectoral and cross-country perspective, this study adds novel insights into the dynamics of gender discrimination in critical African industries, presenting actionable recommendations for policymakers, industry leaders, and advocacy groups committed to advancing gender equality and improving decision-making outcomes.