Simulation-Driven Additive Manufacturing and Emerging Materials for Patient-Specific Hip Implants: A Review

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) printing and simulation design have changed the way how hip implants are manufactured. This allows the development of more patient-specific and body-friendly implants. This approach is based on advanced scanning, modeling, and 3D printing. Finite element model has played a critical role in improving implants types, modeling their performance, and reducing potential problems, such as stress shielding and joint fracture. This complexity is also found in the choice of materials, with the use of high-strength materials, such as titanium alloys, ceramics, and composite materials, which are increasingly used to promote biocompatibility and performance. Despite the issues of manufacturing and materials, recent research has highlighted the benefits of simulation optimization, demonstrating a reduction in bone loss, development of stronger implants, and improved surgical planning. These problems should be resolved by establishing guidelines and integrating processes and evidence based on long-term and large-scale clinical studies. Future advancements in artificial intelligence, applications, and new biomaterials can be incorporated to enhance personalization and clinical success. This review presents the evidence of the use of 3D printing and design based on simulations for the manufacture of hip implants. It explores its applications, innovations, material problems, and future advances.