Botany, cultivation and bioactive constituents of Lobostemon fruticosus: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Lobostemon fruticosus (L.) H. Buek is a medicinal plant indigenous to South Africa, traditionally used in the treatment of skin-related conditions. Wild populations of L. fruticosus, currently serving as the primary source of raw materials, are at risk of decline and possible extinction due to overharvesting. Aim: This review aimed to explore the ecology, botanical features and characteristics of L. fruticosus, including its bioactive compounds, medicinal significance and traditional uses, while emphasising the need for a better understanding of its cultivation practices. Setting: The review outlines the cultivation, medicinal uses, conservation and phytochemical composition of L. fruticosus. Methods: A systematic literature search following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines was conducted using electronic databases, including JSTOR, Science Direct, PubMed and Google Scholar, to identify eligible studies. Results: The medicinal use of L. fruticosus is supported by the presence of its phytochemicals, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and saponins. Cultivating this shrub for conservation purposes is challenging. However, there are existing cultivation strategies such as using well-drained soils, vegetative propagation and pest and disease management. Conclusion: This paper explored the medicinal potential of L. fruticosus. However, its declining populations emphasise the urgent need for conservation and integration into mainstream medicine. Further research on cultivation optimisation and its effects on the plant’s bioactive compounds is recommended. Contribution: This study contributes to the understanding of the development, regeneration and conservation of L. fruticosus, providing an evidence-based foundation to support its sustainable commercial cultivation and address challenges associated with its propagation.