Dynamic Control of Grid-Connected EV Charging Systems with V2G and G2V Support

Abstract

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) poses a significant challenge to power grid stability and charging infrastructure. This paper proposes a dynamic control framework for grid-connected electric vehicle (EV) charging systems that can easily switch between grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) modes. The proposed configuration consists of a three-phase voltage-source inverter (VSI) and a DC-DC converter. Grid current, DC-link voltage, and battery charge-discharge profiles are controlled using cascaded closed-loop proportional-integral (PI) controllers. The proposed design allows EVs to serve as distributed energy storage systems (ESS), absorbing and delivering power to and from the grid. The proposed approach is validated through simulations in MATLAB/Simulink under different dynamic mode transitions (i.e., idle, charging, and discharging). Simulation results show that voltage stability improves and available energy resources are utilized efficiently, confirming the usefulness of the control scheme for future smart grids.