Digital education policies in indonesia and malaysia toward the achievement of sustainable development goal 4

Abstract

Digital transformation in the education sector has become a key strategy for achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), which aims to ensure inclusive, equitable, and quality education and to promote lifelong learning opportunities for all. In Southeast Asia, Indonesia and Malaysia have developed various digital education policies in response to technological advancements and the evolving needs of modern education systems. However, differences in regulatory frameworks, infrastructure readiness, and patterns of policy implementation affect the effectiveness of digital education transformation in both countries. This study aims to analyze digital education policies in Indonesia and Malaysia in supporting the achievement of SDG 4. This research employs a normative legal research method with a comparative policy approach. The data were obtained through the analysis of laws and regulations, education policy documents, and government strategic programs related to digital transformation in the education sector. The findings indicate that both countries have adopted digital education policies focusing on expanding access to education, strengthening information technology infrastructure, and integrating technology into the learning process. Indonesia emphasizes digital education transformation through national platforms and policies aimed at equalizing access to education, while Malaysia has developed a more structured digital education ecosystem through a long-term education digitalization policy framework.