2026· ITEGAM- Journal of Engineering and Technology for Industrial Applications (ITEGAM-JETIA)· 0 citations
TL;DR
This conceptual study provides a thorough explanation of ANC technology spanning more than 90 years of development, from Paul Lueg's early 1936 patent to the most recent deep learning methods, and shows that deep learning approaches are the ANC technology of the future.
Abstract
Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) began as a theoretical idea in the 1930s and has now
spread to include broad uses in consumer electronics, industrial, and automotive industries.
This conceptual study provides a thorough explanation of ANC technology spanning more
than 90 years of development, from Paul Lueg's early 1936 patent to the most recent deep
learning methods. Adaptive filtering algorithms such as LMS, NLMS, FxLMS, FuLMS, and
RLS variants are closely examined, along with new neural network architectures like
Convolutional Recurrent Networks (CRN) and Attentive Recurrent Networks (ARN), which
achieve sub-4 ms latency with noise cancellation improvements of 5-6 dB over traditional
methods. The noise reduction parameters, computational complexity, power consumption,
and convergence characteristics are all included in the thorough performance comparisons
presented in this study. Using benchmark datasets like NOISEX-92 and DEMAND for
algorithm evaluation, we examine feedforward, feedback, and hybrid system designs used
in consumer headphones, automobile cabins, aviation, and HVAC systems. Given their
greater resistance to broadband noise and nonlinear distortions, our conceptual study shows
that deep learning approaches are the ANC technology of the future. However, conventional
FxLMS maintains the industry standard because of its computational efficiency (O(N)
complexity).
This thesis investigates the application of deep learning techniques to overcome the limitations of conventional ANC systems and proposes a novel Stacked Autoencoder (SAE)- based ANC framework, trained to estimate the optimal anti-noise signal required for noise cancellation.
Due to the continuous increase in communication bandwidth and the use of highly efficient yet nonlinear power amplifiers, Digital Predistortion (DPD) algorithms are becoming increasingly complex. In particular, neural network (NN) based DPD approaches using Phase-Normalized NN architectures often incur substantially higher computational costs than widely deployed polynomial-based methods, such as the Memory Polynomial (MP) and Generalized Memory Polynomial (GMP) models. To bridge this gap between research performance and practical implementation, we propose a low-complexity Feature Selection NN DPD architecture. The proposed method employs an offline feature-engineering pipeline based on the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and the Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance (MRMR) algorithm to construct a compact and informative input representation. Using measured wideband FR3 power amplifier datasets that are publicly released with this work, we demonstrate up to 30% reduction in computational complexity while maintaining comparable linearization performance.
Cel Thys, Rodney Martinez Alonso, A. Alsarraf et al.· 0 citations
AI-based structured interference rejection has grown more popular because deep learning approaches can outperform traditional methods by jointly considering the signal of interest (SOI) and the signal mixture (SOI plus interference). This work builds on a previous AI-enabled approach utilizing autoregressive transformer-based models by adding a Finite Scalar Quantization (FSQ) tokenizer layer which aims to improve the interference rejection performance while keeping overall latency to a minimum. Additionally, we experiment with other inference optimization techniques with the goal of speeding up inference without much accuracy loss. We explore this space with an experiment where the SOI is a digitally modulated radio frequency (RF) signal and the structured interference is a digital television signal, an extremely common type of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) transmission. Our results achieve low latency and increased interference rejection over traditional techniques and prior work with other AI-enabled methods. We demonstrate the benefits of the AI-enabled approaches via audio metrics such as Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ). Additionally, we explore a variety of applications and detail how our interference rejection algorithm may be used in operationally-relevant scenarios.
R. Jain, P. Trepagnier, Rick Gentile et al.· 0 citations
In this study, we examine and contrast the effectiveness of different artificial neural network (ANN) topologies for power amplifier (PA) digital pre-distortion (DPD). In particular, we investigate long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, gated recurrent units (GRU), recurrent neural networks (RNN), con-volutional neural networks (CNN), and fully connected neural networks (DNN). For training and assessment, a dataset comprising measured input and output signals from a commercial NXP Doherty PA working in the 3.6–3.8 GHz region with a 16-QAM OFDM signal is utilised. Normalised mean squared error (NMSE), adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR), and model complexity are used to evaluate the models. Simulation results show that while CNNs offer a favorable trade-off between linearization performance and model complexity, GRU and LSTM architectures achieve the best overall NMSE and ACPR improvements, albeit with a higher number of parameters. Power spectral density and AM/AM characteristic analyses further confirm the superior linearization performance achieved using recurrent gated structures.
Hafsa Laakouri, M. Ouadefli, A. Tribak et al.· EPJ Web of Conferences· 0 citations
Deep learning-based active noise control (ANC) algorithms demonstrate superior potential over traditional methods in addressing nonlinear distortion. Although recent deep learning approaches incorporating Volterra Neural Networks (VNNs) have been optimized to tackle nonlinearities, there remains room for further improvement: (1) utilizing element-wise addition in skip connections across different feature processing stages increases the risk of feature aliasing or suppression; (2) directly introducing higher-order terms of the Volterra series is prone to causing overfitting; and (3) models trained under a singular nonlinear condition struggle to adapt to real-world scenarios with varying nonlinearities. To address these issues, this letter proposes a novel time-domain ANC framework. While retaining the modeling capabilities of WaveNet and VNNs, the proposed framework integrates the U-shaped structure and incorporates an adaptive gating mechanism for the higher-order Volterra terms. The proposed method is compared with a state-of-the-art deep learning framework. Additionally, the model is evaluated under several controlled nonlinear conditions, and comprehensive ablation studies are conducted. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing end-to-end representative Deep Neural Network (DNN) methods, and ablation studies confirm the effectiveness of the proposed modules.
Tianyi Ge, Liang An, Ning Han et al.· IEEE Signal Processing Lette...· 0 citations
In recent years, many efforts have been made to supersede classical acoustic echo control (AEC) algorithms with more powerful machine-learned approaches. While surpassing the performance of well-established adaptive filters is very much possible, a remaining challenge is computational complexity. Popular architectures, such as convolutional recurrent networks (CRNs), are by multiple orders of magnitude computationally more expensive than classical signal processing solutions. Scaling down such models is usually straight-forward, but it comes at the cost of a notably reduced performance. We show - to the author's knowledge for the first time in AEC - how these performance drops can be successfully alleviated to a large degree by employing an effective knowledge distillation (KD) process, enabling more potent efficient AEC. Our proposed CGGN16 student AEC models show significantly less near-end speech distortion at only 2% of its teacher's computational complexity, surpass the overall performance of a six times more complex model trained on ground-truth labels, and outperform other AEC-focused architectures from recent literature.
Ernst Seidel, Pejman Mowlaee, Tim Fingscheidt· 0 citations