EXPLORING THE ROLE PERFORMANCE OF PSYCHIATRIC AND MENTAL HEALTH CLINICAL NURSE SPECIALISTS IN CLINICAL SETTINGS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: The role performance of Psychiatric and Mental Health Clinical Nurse Specialists (PMH-CNS) remains unclear in many healthcare systems, particularly in Indonesia. This study aimed to explore the role performance of PMH-CNS in clinical settings, focusing on their clinical roles, responsibilities, challenges, and career development in Indonesia. Method: This study employed a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. A total of five PMH-CNS were recruited using purposive sampling from five different hospitals in Indonesia. Inclusion criteria included having 6 months to 6 years of experience and actively providing mental health services. Data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews conducted via Zoom, lasting 45–60 minutes. The interview guide consisted of open-ended questions exploring clinical roles, responsibilities, and challenges. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis following Creswell & Poth. Data saturation was achieved when no new themes emerged. Results: Three themes were identified: (1) barriers to perform PMH-CNS roles, (2) challenges in role performance, and (3) career development pathways. PMH-CNS performed advanced clinical roles, consultation, education, and interprofessional collaboration. However, role implementation was hindered by multiple responsibilities, unclear role boundaries, and limited institutional support. Conclusions: PMH-CNS play a significant role in delivering advanced mental health care. However, role clarity, policy support, and structured career development are essential to optimize their contribution in clinical settings.