Boost Converter for Lead-Acid Battery Charging Using CC–CV Method with Fuzzy Logic

Abstract

Battery charging is an essential process for maintaining the performance, reliability, and lifespan of energy storage systems. For lead-acid batteries, improper charging practices can lead to problems such as overcharging, excessive heat, and prolonged charging times, all of which accelerate degradation and shorten battery life. Therefore, a well-designed and properly controlled charging method is required to ensure optimal battery operation. This research introduces a constant current–constant voltage (CC–CV) charging framework tailored for electric bicycle power systems to enhance battery performance. The system employs dual fuzzy logic (FL1) controllers to regulate the charging process in a flexible and adaptive way. The system utilizes a boost converter to amplify the input voltage, ensuring a regulated and stable supply during the charging process. During operation, the fuzzy logic (FL1) controllers adjust the converter duty cycle to maintain a constant charging current of 2.4 A during the CC stage and then regulate the voltage to a constant 57.6 V during the CV stage. A key advantage of the proposed method is its ability to ensure a smooth and stable transition between CC and CV modes without requiring an accurate mathematical model of the battery, which is often difficult to obtain due to its nonlinear characteristics and parameter variations. This enhances the robustness and practicality of the system. The results of the simulation show that the proposed strategy achieves stable and uniform regulation of both current and voltage during charging. In addition, the proposed charging strategy improves charging stability while maintaining safe operating conditions for the battery.