This survey synthesizes 312 papers and first-party reports on text-based reasoning hallucinations around three questions: what evidence is observable, what study designs establish, and which corrective actions the evidence supports.
Abstract
Reasoning errors can propagate into later decisions and memory. This survey synthesizes 312 papers and first-party reports on text-based reasoning hallucinations around three questions: what evidence is observable, what study designs establish, and which corrective actions the evidence supports. UIPCA records unsupported premises (U), invalid inferences (I), dependent reuse (P), visible answer-trace consistency (C), and action-policy failures (A). Across 58 reviewed sources, no comparison establishes that a specified intervention improves reasoning while reducing factual reliability under matched conditions. The synthesis connects diagnosis to verification, repair, selective release, and persistent-state control across memory, tools, and training feedback.
PHRBench is introduced, a controlled benchmark for behaviorally structured PHR across four domains and 18 large language models, and it is found that properties of the hallucinated prompt contain substantial predictive signal for successful recovery, with a lightweight predictor achieving an AUROC of 0.847.
Ling-Hao Meng, Feng He, Xuan Yang et al.· 0 citations
Evaluation of the method for checking whether such explanations are supported by the available evidence shows that incorporating this structure improves the detection of hallucinated reasoning compared with the same detection approach without structural information.
Boris Galitsky· Machine Learning and Knowled...· 1 citation
Large language models (LLMs) can generate fluent and confident responses that are factually incorrect, unsupported by evidence, or inconsistent with the source material. These hallucinations reduce the reliability of LLM-based question answering, summariza tion, dialogue, and information retrieval systems, especially w...
This paper studies hallucinated CoT as a discourse-structural phenomenon, not only a factual one, and suggests that discourse structure provides an interpretable signal for detecting reasoning hallucinations and complements existing factuality and uncertainty-based hallucination detectors.
Results show that a conceptually coherent chain and a correct final answer do not by themselves establish multi-hop reasoning, and introduce REALHOP, a diagnose-construct-verify framework that rebinds entities, factorizes selected relations, adds complete competing paths, and places evidence at traceable locations.
Ji-Hua Tao, Xiao-Kun Yuan, Yao-Ming Li et al.· 0 citations
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being explored to automate operations research modeling, reduce modeling time and lower the expertise barrier to optimization based decision support. However, this process often introduces inconsistencies between generated artifacts and the original problem, which we refer...
Jia-Geng Wu, Chao Shen, Zi-Han Guo et al.· 0 citations
