Smartura: Development of an Internet of Things-Based Electrical Control and Data Acquisition System

Abstract

Indonesia's rising residential electricity consumption and the passive nature of conventional electrical terminals create risks of energy waste, overload, and fire hazards, since existing terminals offer no monitoring or remote-control capability. This research aimed to design and implement Smartura, an IoT-based smart electrical terminal integrating remote load control, real-time monitoring of electrical parameters, a usage timer, automatic overload protection, and energy/cost estimation in a single system. The system uses an ESP32 microcontroller, a relay actuator, ACS712 and ZMPT101B sensors for current and voltage sensing, and a website connected to Firebase for authentication and real-time data exchange. The method comprised a literature study, observation, hardware and software design, and performance testing on data collected from 5–11 June 2026. Results showed reliable on/off control through the dashboard, recording 5,785 relay-on and 408 relay-off data points out of 6,193 readings. Voltage and current monitoring achieved MAPE values of 1.69% (very good) and 12.38% (fairly good). The timer and overload-protection features worked as designed, disconnecting the relay above a 5.45 A/1,200 W threshold. Average measured values were 213.15 V, 0.164 A, 35.07 W, 3.62 kWh, and an estimated cost of Rp5,229.29. Smartura demonstrates an integrated, low-cost IoT solution for residential electrical monitoring and control.