Non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive function improvement in patients with Alzheimer's disease: a best evidence summary

Abstract

This study aimed to systematically retrieve, analyze, and synthesize evidence on non-pharmacological interventions to improve overall cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), providing evidence-based references for selecting and optimizing these interventions. This review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and the JBI scoping review framework. The evidence-based question was developed using the PIPOST framework. Databases and professional platforms were systematically searched from inception to January 30, 2026, using the “5S” model. Included studies were quality-appraised; eligible evidence was extracted, synthesized, graded, and assigned recommendation levels. Following a strict literature screening strategy, a total of 15 studies were included, comprising 1 guideline, 7 expert consensus reports, 6 systematic reviews, and 1 randomized controlled trial. A total of 18 best evidence items were summarized and categorized into six dimensions: cognitive training (CT) and digital therapy, neuromodulation techniques, exercise interventions, lifestyle and reminiscence therapy interventions, music and sensory stimulation, and acupuncture and combined interventions. This study consolidated the best evidence on non-pharmacological interventions to improve overall cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease, providing references for clinical practice. Clinical healthcare professionals should select appropriate interventions based on the actual clinical scenarios and individual patient conditions, and strengthen quality control during implementation.