Bridging Digital Divide: Assistive Technology Adaptation and Success Factors among Visually Impaired Entrepreneurs in Malaysia

Abstract

Entrepreneurship serves as a vital pathway for visually impaired individuals in Malaysia to achieve financial independence, social inclusion, and economic self-sufficiency. However, these entrepreneurs face significant structural and societal challenges that hinder their business participation and growth. This study explores the key success factors and technology adaptation strategies influencing the entrepreneurial journeys of visually impaired individuals in Malaysia, with a focus on their lived experiences. Employing a qualitative, phenomenological case study approach, the research investigates how these entrepreneurs navigate the business environment, overcome barriers, and sustain their ventures. Purposive sampling was used to select 22 visually impaired entrepreneurs from five distinct geographical zones in Malaysia. Primary data collection was conducted using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, followed by reflexive thematic analysis supported systematically by NVivo software. Guided by Social Identity Theory, the findings reveal that primary motivations include the pursuit of financial autonomy, the need to exceed workplace exclusion, and a desire to challenge societal norms. Despite persistent challenges ranging from societal stigma and limited funding to digital literacy constraints, the participants demonstrate notable resilience and adaptability. The study underscores the critical role of support networks (family, community, NGOs, and government) and offers policy recommendations to foster a more inclusive and equitable entrepreneurial ecosystem.