АДАПТИВНЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ НУТА (CICER ARIETINUM L.) В УСЛОВИЯХ ВОСТОЧНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА
Abstract
In conditions of increasing climate instability, the assessment of the adaptive potential of grain legumes, including chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), in various agroecological zones becomes particularly relevant. The aim of this study was to identify high-yielding and ecologically plastic chickpea varieties adapted to the conditions of Eastern Kazakhstan. The research was conducted in 2023–2025 at the Limited Liability Company "East Kazakhstan Agricultural Experimental Station." The study focused on 21 chickpea varieties developed by the Limited Liability Company "Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Crop Production." The evaluation was carried out based on a set of traits: length of the growing season, plant height, height of attachment of lower pods, yield, 1000-seed weight, and protein content. It has been established that weather conditions significantly influenced the formation of crop productivity. The dry year of 2023 contributed to a decrease in morphometric indicators, whereas in the wetter years of 2024–2025, an increase in plant height up to 83.2 cm and a rise in the height of attachment of the lower pods up to 29.3 cm were noted. Yields ranged from 10.0 to 30.2 c/ha, with the highest values obtained in variety 28-B, while the most stable productivity was demonstrated by variety F 92-52. Large seed size was characteristic of F 98-108s (540 g), and the highest protein content was noted in F 97-63 (25.3%). A significant differentiation of genotypes in terms of adaptability and resistance to environmental stress has been identified, which confirms the key role of the «genotype х environment» interaction. As a result of the study, promising chickpea varieties (28-B, F 92-52, F 98-108c, F 97-63) were selected, combining high productivity and grain quality, as well as less adaptive forms with low stability traits. The understanding of the adaptive potential of this crop has also been expanded, which can be used in breeding programs and in developing recommendations for chickpea cultivation in the East Kazakhstan region.