Prioritizing Renewable Energy Integration in General Warehouse Operations Using AHP-TOPSIS: Insights for Sustainable Industrial Systems in Indonesia

Abstract

The logistics industry, particularly warehouse operations, contributes significantly to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for approximately 5.5%. This underscores the urgent need to transition to renewable energy sources to mitigate environmental impacts. This study aims to identify, weigh, and rank renewable energy options suitable for warehouse operations. The evaluation considers multiple criteria of technical, socio-political, economic, environmental, and risk-related, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for weighting and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for ranking. The AHP results indicate that technical criteria hold the highest priority (0.315), followed by socio-political (0.291), environmental (0.184), economic (0.140), and risk factors (0.071). Among the sub-criteria, efficiency, resident acceptability, operation and maintenance cost, carbon emissions, and vulnerability to natural phenomena received the highest weights. Based on the combined weighting and ranking, solar energy emerged as the most preferred renewable energy source (0.888), followed by bioenergy (0.161), hydro energy (0.149), geothermal energy (0.114), and wind energy (0.107), highlighting solar energy’s suitability for private warehouse operations.