Integrating Low-Altitude Takeoff and Landing Infrastructure into Smart City Systems

Abstract

Low-altitude mobility is expanding from pilot services to urban-scale deployment, but its physical infrastructure is still planned outside many city data and operations systems. This paper develops and tests an integrated method for embedding takeoff and landing infrastructure into smart city infrastructure. The method combines dynamic UAV acquisition, BIM-based semantic modelling, hierarchical facility coding, a unified BIM/CIM data foundation and multi-agent simulation. It classifies takeoff and landing infrastructure into four functional levels and eight facility types, and maps facility codes to GB/T 51269-2017 and IFC entities to support cross-system data exchange. The method was evaluated in Hefei Luogang Urban Park and Wuhu Wanzhi Low-Altitude Economy Industrial Park, covering 16 takeoff and landing facilities and 64 related urban elements. In the integrated scheme, the mean transfer distance between landing facilities and transport hubs decreased by about 35%, cross-department work-order processing time decreased by 60.7%, and the Comprehensive Synergy Index increased from 0.78 to 0.85. These results indicate that BIM/CIM-centred integration can improve spatial coordination, data sharing and operational management for low-altitude urban infrastructure. Further validation is still needed under real wind conditions and in larger metropolitan settings.