Refinement of the Geological Structure of the Northern Offshore Zone of the Absheron Peninsula through Reinterpretation of Multi-Year 2D Seismic Data

Abstract

This study presents the results of 2D seismic surveys conducted in different years within the Goshadash area, which were used to construct structural maps for five seismic horizons corresponding to various stratigraphic levels. Particular attention is given to two maps illustrating the surfaces of the Cretaceous and Miocene deposits. These maps reveal the western segments of major tectonic elements, including the North Absheron uplift zone, the Sumgayit–Kelkor syncline, and the North Absheron depression. The Goshadash structure, the principal focus of this research, trends northwest–southeast and is segmented by multiple faults that divide it into distinct tectonic blocks. Seismic records in the crest and near-crest zones display complex wave patterns and locally reduced signal quality, complicating structural interpretation. Additionally, sparse profile spacing, multidirectional wave propagation, and the presence of out-of-plane reflections limit detailed imaging of the structure. To improve data reliability and interpretation accuracy, legacy seismic datasets acquired over multiple years were comparatively analyzed and reprocessed using optimized workflows, including noise suppression, seismic migration, and velocity modeling. This integrated approach enhanced wavefield resolution and enabled more confident delineation of tectonic features. The results indicate that the northwestern and northern flanks of the structure, which dip steeply toward the North Absheron depression, are of particular interest for hydrocarbon exploration. Identification of fault systems and structural blocks provides a clearer understanding of the region’s geological evolution and petroleum potential. The study highlights that confirmation of hydrocarbon accumulations within Neogene–Cretaceous deposits requires exploratory drilling and comprehensive 3D seismic surveys. These findings contribute to improved exploration strategies and to a broader understanding of tectonics and hydrocarbon systems within the Absheron offshore region.