Accelerating Neural Networks with Model Compression Techniques

Abstract

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved outstanding performance in areas such as computer vision, speech recognition, natural language processing, and autonomous systems. However, their high computational cost, memory usage, and energy consumption limit deployment in resource-constrained environments like mobile and edge devices. Model compression has emerged as a crucial solution to improve efficiency while maintaining accuracy. This paper provides a comprehensive study of neural network compression techniques, including pruning, quantization, low-rank factorization, knowledge distillation, and neural architecture optimization. These methods are analyzed based on compression ratio, latency, memory efficiency, and accuracy trade-offs. The study also explores hybrid compression approaches and proposes a systematic workflow from model training to deployment on constrained hardware. Experimental results demonstrate that effective compression significantly reduces model size and computational cost with minimal performance loss. The paper highlights the importance of compression-aware design and concludes as a valuable reference for building efficient and scalable AI systems.