A generic and integrated design framework for multi-configuration morphing wing structure

Abstract

Morphing wing structures represent an outstanding advancement in aerospace technology, enabling enhanced fuel efficiency, improved manoeuvrability, and reduced noise. However, existing approaches, whether traditional mechanical-based structures or topology-optimised compliant structures, exhibit notable limitations in structural universality and deformation capability. This study presents a novel two-dimensional design framework for morphing wing structures based on the compliant mechanism and the topology optimisation method, demonstrating adaptability to diverse two-dimensional airfoil geometries and enabling transformation of multiple target shape configurations. The proposed methodology integrates an enhanced Voronoi-based truss skeleton generation algorithm with a nonlinear force analysis approach, eliminating post-processing requirements for geometric smoothing or boundary adaptation. Furthermore, an optimisation paradigm for control strategy and actuator layout is developed to efficiently achieve the transformation of wing configurations. To validate this framework, a quadruple-airfoil morphing wing prototype was manufactured, numerically modelled and experimentally realised. Comprehensive fluid-structure interaction simulations evaluated structural integrity under operational loads, while functional testing of the physical prototype without skin confirmed deformation performance. The synergistic validation through numerical simulations and physical experiments substantiates the technical feasibility and engineering applicability of the proposed methodology.