ECONOMIC SCIENCE AS A SYSTEM OF ECONOMIC KNOWLEDGE: POLITICAL ECONOMY, ECONOMIC THEORY, ECONOMICS

Abstract

As economic science progresses through its developmental stages, it invariably encounters a wave of positivism, which generates crises in traditional approaches. Entrenched paradigms are often rejected and ignored, signaling the destabilization of established systemic models. A similar process was observed at the turn of the 19th and early 20th centuries, when the erosion of classical concepts called into question the materiality and necessity of philosophical understanding of the achievements of individual scientific disciplines. A similar picture was repeated at the turn of the century, during the collapse of the administrative-command economic system and the emergence of digital economic models, which led many to question the significance of concepts such as property, exploitation, and reproduction theory. This led to the relegation of philosophical generalizations to the periphery of practical, fragmented understandings of economic activity. As a result, the role of systematicity and knowledge integration in economics declined, and a tendency emerged to view the world through the prism of simplified models, thereby losing the holistic understanding of economic processes. The aim of this study is to define a system of economic knowledge through the interaction of scientific fields based on diverse conceptual frameworks. The research methodology draws on the scientific works of domestic and international researchers in the field of economic development. The study utilized political economy, dialectical, systemic, positivist, and ideological approaches. The author developed a system of economic analysis based on the interaction of multiple scientific fields - classical, neoclassical, institutional, Keynesian, and other schools.