Factors Associated with Psychological Wellbeing and Distress of Students in Nigerian Colleges of Education: A Study of Academic Stressors and Social Support

Abstract

The mental health of tertiary institution students has emerged as a critical concern globally, with various academic, social, and economic pressures contributing to heightened levels of psychological distress. In Nigeria, where students face unique socioeconomic challenges alongside academic demands, understanding the factors that influence psychological well-being is essential for implementing effective interventions. This study investigates the factors associated with psychological well-being and distress among students in colleges of education in Northwest Nigeria, focusing specifically on the relationship between academic stressors and psychological outcomes and the role of social support networks in mitigating distress. Employing a mixed-methods research design, the study gathered quantitative data through surveys and qualitative insights through interviews with 379 students from selected colleges of education. Grounded in the transactional model of stress and coping and social support theory, the research examined academic workload, fear of failure, peer support, family support, and institutional support as key variables. Findings reveal that academic stressors, particularly workload and fear of failure, are significant predictors of psychological distress, while robust social support networks serve as protective factors. Despite high levels of perceived social support from family and peers, institutional support services remain underutilized, highlighting a critical gap in mental health provision. The study provides actionable recommendations for policymakers, administrators, and mental health practitioners, including curriculum reform, enhanced counseling services, and financial support schemes.