The Role of Familism and the Quality of Sibling Relationships in Predicting Loneliness in Late Adulthood

Abstract

Introduction: Researchers generally agree that a sense of loneliness has a detrimental effect on both mental and physical health. Family-related factors, such as familism and the quality of interpersonal relationships between adult siblings, may constitute important psychosocial resources for individuals in late adulthood, protecting them against a decline in well-being. The aim of the study was to determine whether dimensions of familism and the quality of sibling relationships can predict loneliness. Material and methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative, self-report psychological study was conducted using the CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interview) method. The study involved 190 individuals in late adulthood. Three psychological instruments were used: the Familism Scale, the Adult Sibling Relationship Scale, the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results: Predictors of loneliness in both gender groups included individualism and the overall quality of sibling relationships. In men, additional significant predictors were cognitive engagement and family values, such as family support, material success and achievements. The regression model explained a greater proportion of variance in loneliness among men than among women. Conclusions: The obtained results may serve as a basis for developing recommendations in the area of psychological and psychoeducational support for families in which members of the oldest generation are at risk of mental health disorders. It is particularly important to strengthen older adults sense of self-worth, efficacy and autonomy, as well as to create opportunities for maintaining relationships with adult siblings.