Rutin Isolate of Ocimum basilicum Attenuates Testicular Toxicity in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats on a High-Fat Diet: Histomorphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Insights

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the protective effects of rutin against Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced testicular toxicity in rats fed with a High-Fat Diet (HFD), focusing on histomorphological, physiological, and biochemical changes. Study Design: Experimental study design, using a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) approach with animal subjects (Wistar rats). Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University Makurdi, between June and September 2024. Methodology: Fifty-four (54) male Wistar rats were grouped and treated with HFD, STZ, and rutin at various doses. Testicular weight, relative organ weight, inflammatory markers, testicular dimensions, and histological analysis were assessed to determine rutin's protective effects. Results: STZ-induced diabetes and HFD significantly reduced testicular weight, altered inflammatory cytokine profiles, and affected testicular dimensions and cellular integrity. Rutin, especially at doses of 75 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, significantly improved testicular weight, reduced inflammation, and restored testicular morphology, particularly in the HFD+STZ group. Higher doses of rutin also enhanced spermatid counts and improved cellular proliferation. Conclusion: Rutin effectively mitigates testicular damage caused by diabetes and high-fat diet, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for diabetes-induced reproductive dysfunction. Further studies are needed to explore optimal dosing strategies for clinical applications.