Optimal Ground-State Preparation with a Guiding State

Abstract

Suppose a Hamiltonian $H$ has a unique ground state $|\psi_0\rangle$ with an eigenvalue $E_0$, and we have an estimate $\tilde{E}_0$ such that $|\tilde{E}_0-E_0|\leq\delta$, and there is a gap of at least $3\delta$ between $E_0$ and all other eigenvalues. Suppose we have a unitary $A$ available that can produce a"guiding state'"$A|0\rangle$ that has overlap at least $\gamma$ with $|\psi_0\rangle$. We show how to obtain an $\eta$-approximation of $|\psi_0\rangle$ with probability at least $1-\varepsilon$ using $O(\log(1/\varepsilon)/\gamma\delta + \log(1/\eta)/\delta)$ applications of $U=e^{iH}$ its inverse, and $O(\log(1/\varepsilon)/\gamma)$ applications of $A$ and its inverse. We give two different algorithms, one based on interleaving amplitude amplification and error-reduction in the style of [HMdW03], and one using the composition of transducers. This paper is the state-preparation follow-up to our two recent ground-state-energy estimation papers [JW26,SdW26]. Combined with the optimal energy-estimation of [JW26], our results show the claimed upper bound for ground-state preparation. The bound is optimal up to a constant factor in terms of the number of applications of $U$ and $U^\dagger$ if $\varepsilon=\eta$, as follows from [SdW26]. In one of our approaches to ground state preparation, we construct transducers for amplitude amplification and LCU that might be of independent interest.