The Potential of Lactobacillus spp. Fermented Plant Extract in Modulating Collagen and MMPs in Photoaging Skin : A Review

Abstract

Photoaging poses a challenge to skin health, marked by collagen degradation and heightened matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity. This review summarizes the role of Lactobacillus spp. fermented plant extracts in restoring collagen levels, modulating MMP activity in photoaging skin and presents current research explaining the processes by which Lactobacillus spp. fermentation contributes to rejuvenate the skin and explores possible uses in skincare products. Recent evidence suggests that these fermented extracts possess potent antioxidant properties, that counteract oxidative stress (a key factor in photoaging). The fermentation process can modify the structural characteristics of compounds, enhance the bioavailability of beneficial compounds, such as phenolics and flavonoids, which are known for their protective effects on the skin. These fermented extracts can help maintain skin structure and support collagen synthesis by activating the Nrf-2-Keap1 pathway through phenolic acids (for example, salidroside) and inhibiting the activation of MAPK and NF-kB by flavonoids and Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides, thereby reducing visible signs of aging. In summary, Lactobacillus spp. fermented plant extracts show potential in restoring collagen levels, particularly Type I and Type III collagen, modulating MMPs, including MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9, in photoaging skin. Several clinical trials further support their efficacy and practical use in antiaging products. These findings underscore the promise of using natural fermented extracts as effective strategies for mitigating photoaging and promoting healthier skin. Future research should optimize formulations and concentrations, examine interactions with other bioactives, and establish long-term safety and mechanisms in developing targeted treatments for photoaging.