Future-use consent and human virome research: ethical challenges

Abstract

ABSTRACT Future-use consent frameworks enable broad research on biospecimens and now extend to human virome studies. However, virome research challenges the core assumptions underlying these consent models. We examine four dimensions of concern: evolving interpretive frameworks for biospecimens, the unforeseen sensitivity of viral findings, unanticipated downstream uses of samples, and unresolved questions regarding the return of results. These features call for updated governance capable of sustaining the ethical legitimacy of clinical research in rapidly evolving scientific landscapes.