Impact of W doping on the performance of 11PYN-49PMN-40PT ternary piezoelectric ceramics

Abstract

Lead-based piezoelectric ceramics, as key functional materials in contemporary electronic devices, play a vital role in advancing precision electronics through enhanced performance optimization. Lead magnesium PMN ternary piezoelectric ceramics exhibit high dielectric permittivity, strong electromechanical strain response, and low strain hysteresis, making them promising for high-precision actuators, high-sensitivity sensors, and low-loss transducers. In this work, the mechanisms regulating the structure and electrical properties of W-doped PYN-PMN-PT ternary piezoelectric ceramics were systematically investigated. Ceramics with the composition 0.11Pb (Yb1/2Nb1/2) O3-0.49Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3) O3-0.40PbTiO3-x mol% W-doped samples were synthesized using a two-step method. For the sample with 0.4 mol% W6+ doping, the piezoelectric coefficient (d33) increased to 600 pC/N, and the electromechanical coupling factor (kp) reached 0.41, attributed to the regulation of vacancy concentration and phase structure. It was found that the properties of W-doped samples exhibit a non-linear “enhancement-degradation-recovery” trend with increasing dopant concentration, revealing a synergistic effect of vacancy concentration, phase structure, and grain size within the ternary system. These results provide important theoretical guidance and practical insights for optimizing B-site doping in lead-based perovskite piezoelectric ceramics.