NEIGHBOURHOOD DEGREE-BASED TOPOLOGICAL INDICES OF LADDER TYPE GRAPHS

Abstract

Neighbourhood degree-based topological indices have emerged as an important class of molecular descriptors in graph theory due to their ability to incorporate not only the degree of a vertex but also the degree information of its adjacent vertices. In comparison with conventional degree-based indices, they provide a more refined representation of the structural features of molecular graphs and have shown notable effectiveness in QSPR and QSAR modeling. Owing to these desirable properties, several neighbourhood-based descriptors, including the neighbourhood Zagreb index, neighbourhood forgotten index, modified neighbourhood forgotten index, neighbourhood hyper-Zagreb index, and neighbourhood second Zagreb index, have been introduced and studied for a variety of graph families.