Revisiting old oriental identities through contemporary family narratives

Abstract

This research note explores the institution of the family in the Near Eastern context, with particular emphasis on Lebanon as a multicultural and multi-religious society shaped by strong traditional values. The study aims to analyze the continuity of the Lebanese traditional family model, the influence of religion on family life, and the contemporary social challenges affecting family cohesion in the context of globalization, migration, and economic instability. Drawing upon both historical perspectives and contemporary social realities, the paper examines family structure, gender roles, marriage traditions, primary socialization, and the educational function of the family within Arab society. The research uses online questionnaires conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic with professors and specialists from the Lebanese University in the fields of religion, canon law, anthropology, and social work. The findings reveal that the Lebanese family continues to preserve a predominantly traditional and religiously grounded structure, characterized by intergenerational solidarity, strong communal identity, and attachment to cultural heritage. Respondents identified migration, economic crisis, technological dependency, and materialism as major contemporary challenges affecting family life. At the same time, religion and religious institutions were perceived as essential factors in maintaining family unity, moral values, and social stability. The study highlights the enduring importance of the family as a central social institution in the Near East and underlines the role of education, dialogue, and spiritual values in preserving social cohesion. Despite contemporary transformations, the Lebanese family remains a significant source of identity, continuity, and cultural resilience within Arab society.