A method for detecting the status of high-speed rail relays based on STM32

Abstract

In response to the problems of insufficient measurement accuracy and poor reliability in the traditional manual detection method for the contact pressure of high-speed railway relays, this paper proposes a relay contact pressure state detection system based on STM32. The system uses a thin-film pressure sensor to adhere to the relay contacts, and completes data acquisition and analog-to-digital conversion through the STM32 single-chip microcomputer. The Si4438 wireless module is used to achieve remote data transmission. The upper computer is developed with serial port plotting software based on PyQt5 and Matplotlib to realize real-time dynamic display, storage, and interactive control of pressure data. A test platform simulating the maintenance environment of an electric locomotive depot was built, and repeated closing tests were conducted on three relays. The results show that the system can accurately capture the pressure damping oscillation waveform at the moment of contact closure and the stable pressure value. The measured stable pressure value is consistent with the theoretical value, and the measurement accuracy meets the design requirement of a deviation of no more than 10%. This system has the characteristics of small size, non-disassembly installation, and a friendly visual interface. It provides an effective technical means for the state detection and operation decision-making of high-speed railway relays.