Influence of Winding Configurations on BLAC Motor Electromagnetic Parameters

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of Distributed Winding (DW) and Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) topologies and their impact on the electromagnetic performance of a 1.1 kW Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). Utilizing Finite Element Analysis (FEA) via ANSYS MotorCAD, this study systematically evaluates critical electromagnetic parameters, including output torque, cogging torque, torque ripple, and back-EMF harmonic spectra, under identical geometric constraints. The simulation results demonstrated that while both winding configurations achieved comparable average output torques of approximately 220–230 Nm, the specific 54-slot/60-pole FSCW design exhibited superior suppression of torque ripple and cogging torque, making it highly advantageous for low-speed direct-drive applications in which smooth rotation is mandatory. Conversely, the DW configuration produced a more sinusoidal back-EMF with lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), making it better suited to Field-Oriented Control (FOC). In contrast, the FSCW generated a more distorted, near-trapezoidal back-EMF with stronger low-order harmonics, but benefited from significantly shorter end windings, reducing copper usage and resistance. Overall, the results show that the 54-slot/60-pole FSCW offers better torque quality and structural efficiency for low-speed PMSM applications compared to conventional DWs.