Design and implementation of 32-channel underwater acoustic signal synchronous acquisition system based on FPGA

Abstract

As the size of hydrophone arrays continues to grow and the number of elements steadily increases, acoustic data acquisition systems are facing increasingly stringent demands in terms of channel count, data collection efficiency, and synchronization accuracy. To meet these challenges, a 32-channel synchronous hydroacoustic signal acquisition system based on FPGA technology has been developed. The system's hardware incorporates four AD7606C-16 devices to form the 32-channel acquisition array. It employs an FIFO and DDR3 configuration for synchronous data processing and high-capacity buffering, with Gigabit Ethernet providing the transmission architecture. Experimental results show that the system achieves a sampling rate of 500 Ksps across all channels, with inter-channel phase differences maintained within 0.2°. Practical testing in an acoustic pool confirms that the system meets the expected specifications, thereby satisfying the requirements for multi-channel, high-sampling-rate, and high-precision hydrophone arrays.