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Review Sep 2026

The Development of Compositionality in Language and Thought

Compositionality is the property of a representational system whereby complex meanings arise from the combination of simpler meaningful elements. Here we take a developmental perspective to understand the origins of compositional representational systems and their relation to language—an issue that bears on longstand...

Eulalie Pequay, Isabelle Dautriche · 0 citations
Review Open access Aug 2026

Unifying the structures of language in a neural population code

It is concluded that explaining how language can emerge from neural population codes, in both biological and artificial systems, will not be achieved through the incremental refinement of algebraic-symbolic theories but will demand new theoretical paradigms.

Samuel A. Nastase, Zaid Zada, A. Goldberg et al. · 1 citation
Open access Jul 2026

Structural Composition Enables Very Fast Learning

There is a gap between neuroscientific theories of learning and the speed of learning observed in many experiments. Since the Cognitive Revolution of the 1950s, compositionality has played a central role in efforts to bridge this gap. Roughly, a compositional system is one where distinct modules are combined according...

Reidar Riveland, Alexandre Pouget, P. Latham · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

Mathematical Principles and Experimental Discoveries of the Emergence of Symbolic Patterns in Artificial Neural Networks

It is shown that across a broad class of ANNs trained on diverse tasks, their inference logic can indeed be reformulated as sparse symbolic interactions, and two common mathematical criteria lead to the emergence of such sparse symbolic interactions.

Quan-Shi Zhang, Qihan Ren, Siyu Lou · 0 citations
Aug 2026

Necessity and plurality of neural dynamics under ROSE

It is clarified that ROSE is an architecture for implementing hierarchical syntactic computation, bringing with it no commitment that its full code is obligatory for every act of meaning construction.

Elliot Murphy · 0 citations
Open access Jul 2026

Processing Negation May Demonstrate Compositionality in Rhesus Macaques

Compositionality, the ability to flexibly combine meaningful words into higher-level representations, is a critical feature of human language. However, the evolutionary origins of compositional processing are unclear, and evidence for this ability in nonhuman primates is largely lacking. Compositionality is inherent in...

Angelle Antoun, Rohini Murugan, Kathleen J. Bostick et al. · 0 citations

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