Analysis of a U-Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Application: Design and Performance Evaluation

Abstract

The Development of 5G wireless communication technologies has created a number of requests for 3.5 GHz band antennas that are dependable, small, and energy-efficient. The present research paper is about designing and simulating a microstrip patch antenna with a U-shape structure operating at 3.5 GHz frequency especially designed for 5G applications. This antenna will be designed and developed on Rogers RT/duroid 5880 substrate material which has 50Ω microstrip feed line with a dielectric constant of 2.2. To improve the current distribution and impedance matching, a U-shape notch will be incorporated to a rectangular patch antenna. Concerning this, the antenna will be designed and analysed using the CST Microwave Studio tool by taking into account critical factors such as VSWR, return loss, gain, radiation pattern, current distribution, Smith chart analysis, and electric field distribution. The simulated results indicate that the designed antenna operates at 3.5 GHz with return loss of -33.214 dB and VSWR of 1.12, gain of 6.98 dB. The Smith chart indicates that a 50 Ω impedance match is realized effectively. The antenna’s radiation characteristics verify its effective performance. The proposed U-shaped microstrip patch antenna features a straightforward design, compact size, and sufficient radiation performance, making it a suitable candidate for 5 G wireless communication.