Resilience-Oriented Source-Grid-Storage Coordinated Planning for Distribution Networks Considering Correlated Failures under Extreme Disasters

Abstract

This paper proposes coordinated source-gridstorage planning for distribution networks under correlated failures and extreme disasters. The planning layer determines line hardening, tie switches, distributed generation (DG), and energy storage systems (ESSs), while the operational layer optimizes fault isolation, network reconfiguration, islanding, black start, and critical-load restoration. Weather-dependent fragility curves generate outage scenarios. A mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model minimizes annualized cost, expected energy not supplied (EENS), and resilience loss under electrical, topological, and restoration constraints. The epsilon-constraint method obtains Pareto solutions. IEEE 33-bus results show reduced unserved energy and restoration time under comparable investment. ESSs support early restoration, DG sustains islands, and grid reinforcement improves power transfer and fault isolation.