Comparison of Debris Extrusion and Preparation Time for Distinct Nickel–Titanium Rotary Files in Preparing Curved Root Canals: An In vitro Study

Abstract

This study aimed to compare apical debris extrusion and canal preparation time among 4 rotary Nickel–Titanium (NiTi) file systems – Edge X7 Utopia, TruNatomy (TN), JIZAI, and ProTaper Next (PTN) – in curved mesiobuccal canals. Eighty extracted human mandibular molars with mesiobuccal canals (curvature 25°–45°) were randomly distributed to four groups ( n = 20). Standardization of working length was achieved for all canals, and debris was collected in preweighed vials. Root canal preparation was performed using the respective file systems, and instrumentation time was recorded. Debris weight was measured after drying. Data followed normal distribution (Shapiro–Wilk). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and appropriate post hoc tests with SPSS (version 23). All systems caused apical extrusion. Edge X7 Utopia exhibited the minimum amount of debris extrusion, followed by TruNatomy, JIZAI, and PTN. TruNatomy required the shortest preparation time. PTN had the highest debris extrusion and longest preparation time. Edge X7 Utopia and TruNatomy performed significantly better than PTN. Edge X7 Utopia and TruNatomy are effective rotary systems for curved canals, demonstrating reduced debris extrusion and shorter preparation times. Their performance highlights their clinical relevance in minimizing postoperative complications and enhancing treatment efficiency.