Broadband Miniaturized UWB Antenna for GPR, Wireless Communication, and Radar Systems Spanning Sub-6 GHz, X-, and Ku-Bands

Abstract

— A compact Ultra-WideBand (UWB) microstrip antenna is realized on RT/Duroid 5880 with overall dimensions of 17 × 19 × 0.7 mm³. The slot patch configuration achieves continuous impedance matching from 3.9 to 17.54 GHz, resulting in a −10 dB bandwidth of 13.62 GHz. The three dominant resonant modes are at 3.91 GHz, 10.24 GHz and 16.66 GHz with a strong notch at 9.13 GHz ( |𝑺 𝟏𝟏 | ≈ −56 dB). The realized gain of the antenna from 2.5 to 3.51 dBi across the operating frequency band provides an acceptable performance for use in high-speed, short distance wireless links. Analyses performed in both time and frequency domains have established the UWB properties of the slot patch antenna as demonstrating low group delay variability, well-contained impulse responses and clearly defined eye diagrams. When compared with previously reported designs, the proposed antenna offers a favorable balance between miniaturization, bandwidth, and low-loss performance, making it suitable for UWB, GPR, wireless communication, and radar applications within compact and multi-standard platforms.