Clinical Effectiveness of Locally Delivered Camel Milk Whey Protein Gel as an Adjunct to Mechanical Plaque Debridement in Patients with Stage II Grade B Periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of locally administered CMWP gel as a supplement to PMPD in individuals with Stage II Grade B periodontitis. Methods: Thirty patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis who were systemically healthy and between the ages of 18 and 40 were divided into two parallel groups at random (n = 15 each). Group II received PMPD followed by intra-pocket administration of CMWP gel, while Group I received PMPD followed by intra-pocket application of placebo gel. For four weeks in a row, the gel was applied once a week. Gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured at baseline, three months, and six months. The main clinical comparisons were carried out across follow-up periods and between groups. Results: Over the course of the six months, both groups showed statistically significant improvements in every clinical measure that was assessed. Group I and Group II had similar baseline CAL (3.67 � 0.36 mm vs. 3.60 � 0.34 mm; p = 0.606). Group II's CAL was considerably lower than Group I's at three months (2.43 - 0.37 mm vs. 2.87 � 0.35 mm; p = 0.003), and this difference grew at six months (2.00 � 0.33 mm vs. 2.63 � 0.44 mm; p < 0.001). With CMWP, the overall CAL increase was substantially higher (1.60 � 0.21 mm vs. 1.03 � 0.44 mm; p < 0.001). Additionally, Group II's PPD reduction was significantly higher than Group I's, with a mean reduction of 1.43 � 0.33 mm versus 0.94 � 0.41 mm (p = 0.001). At six months, Group II's mean PPD (2.00 � 0.28 mm) was considerably lower than Group I's (2.31 � 0.34 mm; p = 0.011). In both groups, GI dramatically dropped. At three months, Group II's GI was considerably lower (0.60 � 0.23 vs. 0.80 � 0.25; p = 0.031), but at six months, the difference was not statistically significant (0.53 � 0.27 vs. 0.62 � 0.16; p = 0.306). Conclusion: Within the constraints of this trial, patients with Stage II Grade B periodontitis who received locally applied CMWP gel in addition to PMPD showed higher clinical attachment gain and a reduction in probing pocket depth than those who received PMPD alone. Additionally, CMWP seemed to hasten the initial decrease in gingival inflammation. According to these results, CMWP might be a useful supplementary local treatment for periodontal disease that doesn't require surgery. To verify its therapeutic effectiveness and elucidate its underlying mechanisms, larger clinical trials with longer follow-up and microbiological and biochemical evaluations are necessary.